編者薦語
全球發(fā)展倡議旨在引導全球發(fā)展邁向平衡、協(xié)調(diào)和包容發(fā)展的新階段。中國始終關注全球發(fā)展問題，并積極探索世界在充滿艱巨挑戰(zhàn)和巨大不確定性的時代背景下務實合作的途徑。對此，朱旭峰教授向《中國日報》分享了他關于全球發(fā)展倡議對實現(xiàn)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程積極作用的看法。
朱旭峰
清華大學公共管理學院院長、教授，清華大學全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究院執(zhí)行院長
文章7月24日發(fā)表于《中國日報》，以下為文章原文及中文譯文。
（來源：CHINA DAILY)
Initiatives can help realize 2030 Agenda
by Zhu Xufeng
The United Nations development agenda is a series of goals and plans aimed at promoting sustainable development globally. The agenda was first developed in the 1990s and includes the UN Agenda 21, adopted in 1992, and the Millennium Development Goals, adopted in 2000.
Starting with the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, and through multilateral and multiparty negotiations and consultations, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was eventually adopted in 2015.
The 2030 Agenda includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals across economic, social and environmental domains, and serves as an important document guiding global development. It specifically highlights the principle of "leaving no one behind" and concerns itself with the poverty alleviation and transformation of least developed countries.
Since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, countries across the world have made significant progress in implementing the sustainable development goals. Some goals have already been achieved. Notably, China has met the goal of poverty reduction 10 years ahead of schedule, and made remarkable achievements in universal primary education and reduction in maternal and infant mortality rates.
Countries are also actively working to realize other SDGs in such areas as climate change, environmental protection and sustainable urban development. And the international community is strengthening cooperation and coordination to jointly address global challenges.
However, in the process of implementing the 2030 Agenda, there are also some difficulties and challenges. Some developing countries lack the economic, technological and human resources to realize the SDGs on schedule, while others still face internal and external imbalances in political, economic and social spheres, which hinder the realization of the SDGs.
In addition, global challenges such as climate change, environmental pollution and natural disasters also pose a threat to sustainable development. And the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine crisis, in particular, have worsened the uneven development of countries around the world.
Some of the least-developed countries that had just lifted themselves out of poverty have rapidly slipped back into poverty again due to factors such as stagnation of key industries, rising commodity prices, currency devaluation and soaring foreign debt. These issues have raised concerns among the international community about whether the world will be able to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Against this backdrop, President Xi Jinping proposed the Global Development Initiative at the 76th session of the UN General Assembly in September 2021. The GDI aims to promote the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and calls on the international community to address the urgent issues faced by developing countries, in order to promote the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and realize global common development.
Apart from making major achievements in development at home, China is also ready to cooperate with all parties to promote the implementation of the GDI across the world. The initiative proposes that developing countries strengthen their capabilities to achieve economic, social and environmental development and eliminate poverty in a coordinated manner.
The GDI is of great significance for promoting the implementation of the 2030 Agenda globally. It provides important support and guidance for the least-developed countries to achieve sustainable development, and emphasizes the importance of eradicating poverty, promoting economic growth, improving education and health standards and protecting the environment, while proposing specific action plans and goals.
Besides, the GDI has received extensive support from the international community, including governments, international organizations, such as the UN, as well as nongovernmental organizations. The establishment of the "Group of Friends of the GDI" in 2022 and the convening of various ministerial-level meetings show that governments are willing to work with China to strengthen partnerships in areas such as poverty reduction, clean energy, food security, industrialization, digital education and sustainable development data sharing in a bid to realize the 2030 Agenda globally.
Yet the implementation of the GDI requires joint efforts and cooperation of all parties, bridging the differences among countries and further promoting the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.
First, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation and coordination to achieve the SDGs, so governments, international organizations and NGOs need to enhance cooperation and coordination to jointly promote sustainable development.
Second, developed countries need to provide more support and assistance to help the least-developed countries achieve sustainable development.
Third, countries should cooperate to enhance environmental protection, address climate change and continue climate change negotiations on the UN platform, so as to better protect global ecosystems and promote sustainable development.
And fourth, there is a need to improve the global governance system. For that, however, countries need to follow the principles of equality and mutual benefit in international affairs, and promote global development, while governments should strengthen the implementation and capacity building of the SDGs.
In summary, the GDI provides important support and assistance for the least-developed countries to realize the 2030 Agenda. And we hope the international community will continue to step up cooperation and promote the GDI, and work unitedly to realize the SDGs across the world.
中文譯文
聯(lián)合國發(fā)展議程是聯(lián)合國制定的一系列旨在促進全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標和計劃。該議程的制定始于20世紀90年代，先后包括1992年聯(lián)合國《二十一世紀議程》，2000年《千年發(fā)展目標》。2012年聯(lián)合國里約熱內(nèi)盧可持續(xù)發(fā)展會議開始，經(jīng)過多邊和多方的談判和協(xié)商，最終在2015年通過了《2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程》。該議程包括了17個可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標，涉及經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境等方面，是指導全球發(fā)展的重要文件?？沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展議程特別提出，“不讓任何一個掉隊”的原則，關心最不發(fā)達國家的脫貧和轉(zhuǎn)型問題。
自《2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程》（簡稱“2030年議程”）通過以來，各國在落實可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程方面取得了一系列可喜的進展。一些目標已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)，如中國2020年提前完成消除極端貧困任務、普及小學教育、減少母嬰死亡率等。同時，各國也在積極推進其他目標的實現(xiàn)，如氣候變化、環(huán)境保護、可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展等。此外，國際社會也在加強合作和協(xié)調(diào)，共同應對全球性挑戰(zhàn)。
然而，在落實聯(lián)合國發(fā)展議程的過程中，也面臨著一些困難和挑戰(zhàn)。首先，一些發(fā)展中國家缺乏落實可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標的經(jīng)濟、技術和人力資源。其次，一些發(fā)展中國家仍然存在政治、經(jīng)濟和社會方面的內(nèi)外不平衡問題，阻礙了可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標的實現(xiàn)。此外，全球性挑戰(zhàn)如氣候變化、環(huán)境污染、自然災害等也對可持續(xù)發(fā)展構(gòu)成了威脅。特別是全球爆發(fā)的新冠疫情和俄烏沖突，加劇了世界各國發(fā)展的不均衡，一些剛剛脫貧的最不發(fā)達國家（LDCs）由于關鍵產(chǎn)業(yè)停滯、糧食能源等大宗商品價格上漲、匯率貶值和外債飆升等因素，脫貧后再次迅速返貧。這些問題使得國際社會對世界能否實現(xiàn)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程充滿擔憂。
中國國家主席習近平在2021年9月第76屆聯(lián)合國大會上及時提出全球發(fā)展倡議（GDI），旨在推動聯(lián)合國2030年議程的落實，呼吁國際社會關注發(fā)展中國家面臨的緊迫問題，對接聯(lián)合國2030年議程，推動全球共同發(fā)展。中國不僅在國內(nèi)取得重要成績，而且愿與各方攜手合作，在全球范圍內(nèi)共同推進全球發(fā)展倡議落地。該倡議提出，應加強發(fā)展中國家的發(fā)展能力，以實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，并消除貧困。
全球發(fā)展倡議對于推動全球落實2030年議程具有重要意義。第一，全球發(fā)展倡議為最不發(fā)達國家提供了重要的支持和指導，以幫助他們實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。這一倡議強調(diào)了消除貧困、促進經(jīng)濟增長、提高教育和健康水平、保護環(huán)境等方面的重要性，并提出了具體的行動計劃和目標。第二，全球發(fā)展倡議得到了國際社會的廣泛支持，包括聯(lián)合國、各國政府、國際組織和非政府組織等。2022年全球發(fā)展倡議之友小組成立，以及歷次部長級會議的召開，表明各國政府愿意與中國一道，加強在減貧、清潔能源、糧食安全、工業(yè)化、數(shù)字教育、可持續(xù)發(fā)展數(shù)據(jù)開放共享等方面的合作伙伴關系建設，推動全球?qū)崿F(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標。
當前，全球發(fā)展倡議的實施還需要各方的共同努力和合作，彌合不同國家之間存在著意見分歧和政治分歧，進一步推動可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程的實現(xiàn)。首先，加強國際合作和協(xié)調(diào)，以實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標。各國政府、國際組織和非政府組織等應該加強合作和協(xié)調(diào)，共同推進可持續(xù)發(fā)展。其次，發(fā)達國家應提供更多的支持和援助，以幫助最不發(fā)達國家實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。第三，各國合作加強環(huán)境保護和應對氣候變化等挑戰(zhàn)，推進以聯(lián)合國為平臺的氣候變化談判，從而實現(xiàn)全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護與未來的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。第四，改善全球治理體系，在國際事務中，應該堅持平等、互利、共贏的原則，以推動全球發(fā)展。各國政府應該加強可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標的執(zhí)行力和能力建設，確保其得到有效落實。
總的來說，全球發(fā)展倡議為最不發(fā)達國家實現(xiàn)2030年議程提供了重要的支持和幫助。然而，持續(xù)推進全球發(fā)展倡議發(fā)揮作用并落實2030年議程，仍然面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)和困難。未來，我們需要國際社會繼續(xù)加強合作，共同推動全球?qū)崿F(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標。
相關鏈接：
英文原文：Experts share views on Global Development Initiative - Opinion -Chinadaily.com.cn
中文原文：全球發(fā)展倡議對聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程的作用 - 中國日報網(wǎng) (chinadaily.com.cn)
來源丨China Daily
供稿丨清華大學全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究院
